investigation of characterisation for biosorption of congo red from textile wastewater using spathodea campanulata leaves: ftir, sem, and xrd analysis

In the present study, the bio sorbent was investigated for its surface functional groups using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem), and x-ray diffraction (xrd). before and after bio sorption studies, the ftir spectra for the study’s bio sorbent were acquired, and it was discovered that the sites on the bio sorbent that accommodate the exchangeable dye could function as active sites for the exchange of dye. the significant numbers of heterogeneous pore layers in the bio sorbent that are clearly visible in the sem microscopic image indicate that there is a good chance for the adsorption of the dye. however, the surface of the dye-loaded bio sorbent demonstrates unmistakably that the bio sorbent’s surface was covered in dye. the xrd analyses verified the bio sorbent’s amorphous and crystalline character.