green synthesis of zno nanoparticles via sol-gel method and investigation of its application in solvent-free synthesis of 12-aryl-tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthene-11-one derivatives under microwave irradiation

In this work, zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles were fabricated using arabic gum as a reducing and stabilizing agent by the novel sol-gel method without adding any surfactants. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), and scanning electron microscopy (sem). subsequently, zno nanoparticles as efficient catalysts were consumed for the three-component coupling of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and dimedone under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in order to furnish the corresponding synthesis of 12-aryl-tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthene-11-one derivatives in high yields.