eco-friendly fabrication of copper nanoparticles for antibacterial textiles: advancements in green synthesis

The eco-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to its potential for reducing environmental impact while offering superior functional properties. among these, copper nanoparticles (cunps) have emerged as a promising candidate for providing antibacterial properties to textiles, owing to their high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. this review aims to systematically evaluate the latest advancements in the green synthesis of cunps and their integration into antibacterial textiles. it emphasizes the role of a plant-based approach that minimizes toxic chemicals, thereby offering a sustainable alternative for industrial applications. moreover, cunps have enhanced antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, making them a valuable solution for various medical, environmental, and consumer applications. the antibacterial mechanisms of cunps are examined, along with their integration into textiles using innovative coating techniques, such as dip-coating and electrospinning, which improve their functionality and longevity. by compiling recent findings, the study highlights both the scientific and practical significance of cunp-based textiles and outlines the challenges and opportunities for future development.