optimization of edamame (glycine max) extract essence formula as a natural antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase agent using a simplex lattice design

Edamame (glycine max (l.) merr.) is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly isoflavones, which offer beneficial effects on skin health as natural antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase agent. this study aimed to optimize an edamame extract-based essence using the simplex lattice design (sld) method, with tween 80 and xanthan gum as formulation variables. the extract demonstrated antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities with ic50 values of 202.948 ± 1.524 µg/ml and 42.139 ± 0.676 µg/ml, respectively. the optimized formula contained 9.169% tween 80 and 0.831% xanthan gum. predicted and observed values for key parameters (ph, viscosity, and spreadability) demonstrated no significant differences, indicating a reliable model fit. the final essence also exhibited good organoleptic and homogeneity characteristics. these resutls support the potential of edamame extract for formulation into effective cosmetic products with antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties.