green extraction, phytochemical profiling, and biological evaluation of allium humile hydroalcoholic extract

This study explored the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of allium humile (ah) extract obtained through a green chemistry approach. the hydroalcoholic extract was prepared via cold maceration using ethanol:water (70:30 v/v), yielding 35.73 g from 300 g of powdered plant material, with an extraction efficiency of 11.91 %. physicochemical analysis revealed standard values for total ash (6.83%), acid-insoluble ash (1.72%), water-soluble ash (3.90%), alcohol-soluble extractives (15.2%), water-soluble extractives (12.5%), and ph (6.3), indicating a good extract quality. phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids. the anti-inflammatory efficacy was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema, adjuvant-induced arthritis, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models in rats, while analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion and von frey filament assays. administration of ah extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects comparable to those of diclofenac sodium. these results indicate that ah is a viable source of bioactive substances for the management of inflammation and pain via natural therapeutic approaches.