the green combustion technique for synthesizing cuo nanoparticles with an extract from pithecellobium dulce leaf: potential catalytic activity

The current study uses an extract from pithecellobium dulce leaf to produce green, environmentally friendly copper oxide nanoparticles (cuo np) with catalytic activity. leaf extract of pithecellobium dulce was employed as a reductant to form copper oxide nanoparticles. x-ray diffractometry confirmed the crystalline structure of cuo np, with a mean particle size of 25.16 nm. the green synthesis of cuo nanoparticles was validated by sem-eds, which revealed that the particles were spheres and undefined shapes with crystal diameters ranging from 3 to 12 nm. the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from pithecellobium dulce leaf extract is used as a catalyst in the diphenyl ether synthesis. this technique formed a high yield of diphenyl ether. ftir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, and uv-vis spectroscopy confirm the leaf extract using cuo nanoparticles; which act as catalysts for the ullmann coupling reaction. the results revealed that leaf extract synthesizes copper oxide nanoparticles with good crystal size uniformity in a more ecologically friendly manner. this technique offers several advantages, like high yields at fast reaction times, low catalyst loading, and reusable catalysts.