utilizing green biomaterials for reducing total dissolved solids: a sustainable approach to industrial effluent treatment

This study focuses on the adsorption property of green materials and its effect on reducing total dissolved solids in wastewater. total dissolved solids (tds) are one of the key parameters which determine the quality of water. materials selected for this experimental analysis include seeds of moringa oleifera, leaves of opuntia ficus indica, ficus religiosa, and annona squamosa. a critical review of the performance of four biomasses on the tds of wastewater ranging from 700 mg/l to 3000 mg/l has been determined. nearly 40% of the reduction in tds was achieved using green materials. annona squamosa was found to be effective in low tds samples and ficus religiosa in high tds samples. further application of biomass extract and its coagulation/flocculation (c/f) property in the treatment of industrial effluent obtained from an adhesive and emulsion manufacturing industry is detailed here. the green materials are characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrophotometer (sem-edax), and zeta potential values.