design and fabrication of nano solar cell on ultra-light silica substrate

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of incorporating the synthetic dye 2,2-dicarboxylic 4,4-bipyridine into dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs) that utilize a porous silica substrate. to achieve this, the synthetic dye is first prepared and subsequently applied during the fabrication of the solar cell onto the porous silica base. the porous silica substrate possesses unique attributes such as a large surface area, mechanical and thermal stability, and sizable pores, which enhance the photocatalytic properties of the synthetic dye. in this project, a conductive layer of tin oxide, approximately 45 nm thick, is deposited onto the porous silicon substrate. following this, a thin layer of titanium oxide, around 100 nm in thickness, is sprayed onto the substrate as a secondary layer. the synthetic dye 2,2-dicarboxylic 4,4-bipyridine serves as the light-sensitive pigment in this type of solar cell, and a graphite coating is applied as a conductive layer between the two layers. the electrolyte solution utilized in this cell is potassium iodate. in addition, the various stages of the solar electrode production process were examined using x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) techniques, and the energy efficiency components were calculated based on the amount of emitted light.