one-pot synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives catalyzed by znfe2o as a magnetic nanoparticles

Znfe2o4 as a novel nanoparticle was prepared and characterized using x-ray diffraction (xrd) analysis, energy dispersive x-ray (edx), vibrating sample magnetometry (vsm), and fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectra. then, it is used one-pot three-components synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives via condensation of isatin, malononitrile, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (1,3-cyclohexanedione) under mild reaction conditions in water as a green solvent. the present methodology offers several advantages, including ease of the preparation and handling of the catalyst, simple and easy work-up, short reaction times, high yields of the products and recyclability of the catalyst.