ارزیابی الگوهای همبستگی مکانی خدمت زیستگاهی اکوسیستم تالاب قره قشلاق

بررسی الگوهای مکانی خدمات اکوسیستمی نقش مهمی در ارزیابی آن ها دارد. از این رو در این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی و تعیین الگوهای مکانی خدمات اکوسیستمی پس از کمی سازی خدمات اکوسیستمی زیستگاهی در محدوده مطالعاتی تالاب قره‌قشلاق با مساحت 22 هزار هکتار که در بین استان آذربایجان‌شرقی و آذربایجان غربی قرار دارد از روش های نوین آمار فضایی هم چون همبستگی فضایی موران و قابلیت سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (gis) استفاده شد. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد در محدوده تالاب قره‌قشلاق 13 نوع کاربری وجود دارد که در محدوده به اندازه حدود 22 هزار هکتار نشان از تنوع کاربری و در واقع حضور فعال عوامل انسانی ‌می‌باشد که حدود 46 درصد از محدوده دارای کاربری زراعی بوده و حدود 28 درصد اراضی شوره زار است و در این خصوص مراکز سکونتی بعنوان کانون تهدید و جاده دسترسی بعنوان توسعه تهدید بیشترین سهم در تغییر کاربری اراضی بوده است. با توجه به شاخص موران به میزان 0.62 و شاخص مورد انتظار به میزان منفی 0.000017 و z- score با 1505869 احتمال تصادفی بودن توزیع کم بوده و توزیع بصورت خوشه‌ای ‌می‌باشد. آنالیز بهینه شده نقاط حساس در محدوده تالاب قره ‌قشلاق نشان می‌دهد در ضلع غربی محدوده که فاقد فعالیت و حضور عوامل انسانی بوده، بیشترین همبستگی وجود دارد و در ضلع شرقی که بیشترین فعالیت انسانی وجود دارد، کمترین همبستگی وجود دارد.

evaluation of spatial correlation patterns of habitat service of qara gheshlagh wetland ecosystem

abstractvaluing ecosystem services requires consideration of spatial patterns. therefore, we used new spatial statistics methods, such as moran's spatial correlation and gis capability, to identify and determine spatial patterns of ecosystem services after quantifying habitat ecosystem services in the qarah qeshlaq wetland, a 22,000 ha wetland between the eastern and western azerbaijan provinces. studies show that there are 13 types of land uses in the area of qarah gheshlagh wetland, which in the area of about 22,000 hectares shows the diversity of land use and in fact the active presence of human factors, about 46% of the area has agricultural land and about 28% of saline land. in this regard, residential centers as a threat center and access road as a threat development have been the largest share in land use change. according to the moran index of 0.62 and the expected index of 0.000017 and the z score of 1505869, the probability of random distribution is low and the distribution is clustered. the optimized analysis of the sensitive points in the area of qarah qeshlaq wetland reveals that the correlation is highest on the western side of the wetland where there is no human activity, while it is lowest on the eastern side where there is a great deal of human activity.introductionin general, any type of wetland is composed of a large number of physical, biological or chemical factors, and water, soil and nutrients represent these components that, in conjunction with each other in an integrated system, form the wetland and the processes between the components, the functions of the components. creates. wetlands are defined based on their biological, chemical, and physical properties, regardless of their specific function, production, or process (ganagey, 2018). in order to identify wetlands, first the type of wetlands must be determined from a hydrological point of view, and each of the different classes of wetlands provides different ecosystem services. in other words, many benefits that ecosystems provide to individuals are called ecosystem services.methodology introduction of the study areathe study area of qaraghshlagh wetland with an area of 22,000 hectares is located between east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan provinces and on the outskirts of bonab and miandoab cities in a geographical position of 37 degrees 13 minutes and 25 seconds north latitude and 45 degrees and 51 minutes and 38 seconds east longitude. it is located on the south shore of lake urmia at an altitude of 1270 meters above sea level.invest habitat quality model, by combining land use / vegetation patterns and biodiversity threats, leads to the production of habitat quality maps. this model is implemented using raster data or maps divided into square cells (pixels). each pixel in the image is assigned to a type of land use / vegetation, which can be a natural cover or a man made cover. this approach provides two basic types of information necessary for the initial assessment of conservation needs: which includes the relative extent and extent of degradation of different types of habitats in an area and its various changes over time.understanding patterns and discovering trends in spatial data is important. because before any analysis, it must be determined how the data are distributed in space and their spatial patterns. in this study, moran correlation statistic was used to analyze the spatial correlation of ecosystem services. there are two types of moran indices to determine the spatial correlation between variables whose efficiency is different from each other. global moran index and local moran index. one of the most basic global indicators of solidarity is the moran index. this index gives a number (as a standard score) that can be used to measure the dispersion or concentration of phenomena or spatial data.resultsland use related to the current timethere are 13 types of land uses in the area of ghareh gheshlagh wetland, which in the area of about 22,000 hectares shows the diversity of land use and in fact the active presence of human factors, about 46% of the area has agricultural land and about 28% is saline land. if this area was not saline, it could be added to the area of agricultural land. of the remaining 24%, about 7% is used as a fish farm and 7% is a rangeland. in other words, 35% of the lands in this area are national lands (rangeland and saline). only 10% of the area as an aquatic habitat belongs to qarah gheshlagh wetland, river, flood area and water supply canal. qarah gheshlagh wetland in the current situation with an area of about 140 hectares and covers less than one percent of the area (figure 2). in evaluating ecosystem services, there is a wider range of goals, including ecological sustainability and social welfare, along with the traditional economic goal of efficiency. in fact, by determining the value of ecosystem services in socio economic and ecological dimensions, we can understand the contribution of each of these services in achieving the above goals. therefore, due to the heterogeneity of units of measurement in three dimensions of economic, social and ecological, it is necessary to develop criteria for measuring each and in some cases to determine the degree of importance of these criteria in the specific service of the ecosystem by qualitative weighting. on the other hand, the implementation of the development plan can have different socio economic and ecological effects; effects that can change the value of ecosystem services and reduce and in some cases increase the value of these services.in the present study, in order to investigate the spatial structure of ecosystem services in the area of gharaghshlagh wetland, spatial statistics (value2 column of land use) have been evaluated. the statistics used, based on the conceptualization of the dispersion index, examine the ratio of variance to the average based on the distance of services. 0.62 does not follow a random distribution, but the p value is zero, which indicates a high correlation and cluster distribution and is significant.according to table 4, the moran index is 0.62 and the expected index is negative 0.000017 and the z score is 1505869.