بررسی روند تغییرات شاخص های بهداشت محیط در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه طی سال‌های 1394 1398

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی روند تغییرات شاخص های بهداشت محیط در مناطق روستایی شهرستان ارومیه و تعیین راهکارهایی به منظور ارتقای وضعیت بهداشتی شاخصها در بازه زمانی 1394 1398 می باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع گذشته نگر طولی می باشد که با استفاده از داده های موجود در گروه بهداشت محیط مرکز بهداشت شهرستان ارومیه در بازه زمانی 5 ساله انجام شد تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از شاخص های آمار توصیفی نظیر ،میانگین در محیط نرم افزار spss انجام شد. شاخص های مورد بررسی در این پژوهش شامل درصد خانوارهای روستایی با دسترسی به آب آشامیدنی شبکه لوله کشی عمومی توالت ،بهداشتی جمع آوری و دفع بهداشتی فاضلاب مواد زاید جامد فضولات حیوانی مطلوبیت نمونه های میکروبی و شیمیایی درصد کلرسنجی مطلوب مراکز ،تهیه توزیع و فروش مواد غذایی و اماکن عمومی دارای معیار بهداشتی و کارکنان دارای کارت معاینه پزشکی معتبر بود که میانگین درصد مطلوبیت این شاخص ها در بازه زمانی 5 ساله در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه به ترتیب 99/04، 92/44، 81/82، 65/24، 80/32، 61/98، 95/32، 79/8،97/28، 78/84، 78/92 و 86/22 درصد بود بر اساس نتایج حاصله روند تغییرات صعودی و نزولی شاخص های بهداشت محیط در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه و استان آذربایجان غربی در بازه زمانی 5 ساله برابر و به ترتیب 50% و 41/66% بود. روند تغییرات 50 درصد شاخص ها در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه و 75 درصد شاخص ها در روستاهای استان آذربایجان غربی در بازه زمانی مورد مطالعه از لحاظ آماری معنی داری بودند. میانگین 7 شاخص (%58/33) در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه نسبت به شاخص استانی پایین تر و میانگین 5 شاخص (41/67%) بالاتر می باشد به استثنای شاخص های مطلوبیت نمونه های شیمیایی آب آشامیدنی جمع آوری و دفع بهداشتی فضولات حیوانی و مراکز تهیه توزیع و فروش مواد غذایی دارای معیار ،بهداشتی بقیه شاخصهای مورد بررسی (%75) در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه از لحاظ آماری دارای تفاوت معنی داری با شاخص استانی بودند بطور کلی وضعیت اکثر شاخص های بهداشت محیط در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه و استان آذربایجان غربی مطلوب می باشد. به استثنای شاخص های جمع آوری و دفع بهداشتی فاضلااب و فضولات حیوانی، میانگین مطلوبیت 83/33% شاخص ها در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه و استان آذربایجان غربی در بازه زمانی مورد مطالعه بیشتر از 75 درصد می باشد. بطور کلی نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که 50% شاخص های بهداشت محیط در روستاهای شهرستان ارومیه در یک دوره 5 ساله بهبود یافته اند بهر حال مطلوبیت میانگین بیش از 50 درصد شاخص ها در مقایسه با میانگین استانی در سطح پایین تری قرار دارند و نیازمند تلاش و مشارکت مسئولین مربوطه ،دهیاران شوراهای ،اسلامی کارشناسان بهداشت محیط و بهورزان عزیز به منظور ارتقاء شاخص های بهداشت محیط می باشد.

investigating the trend of changes in environmental health indicators in rural areas of urmia during the years 2015 2019

abstractthe purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in environmental health indicators in rural areas of uremia county and west azerbaijan province during the years 2015 2019. the present study is longitudinal retrospective research that was conducted using the data available in the environmental health department of the health center of uremia county and west azerbaijan province over a period of 5 years. data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics indicators such as mean as well as kolmogorov smirnov, friedman and wilcoxon one sample statistical tests using spss software version 26. studied indicators in this research include the percentage of rural households with access to drinking water, public plumbing network, sanitary toilets, sanitary collection and disposal of wastewater, solid waste and animal excrement, desirability of microbial and chemical samples, measurement of residual chlorine, food preparation, distribution and sales centers and public places with health criteria and employees of centers and places with a valid medical card. the average percentage of desirability of these indicators in the 5 year period in the villages of uremia county was 99.04%, 92.44%, 81.82%, 65.24%, 80.32%, 98.61%, 95.32%, 79%, 97.28%, 78.84%, 78.92% and 86.22%, respectively. the upward and downward trend of environmental health indicators in the villages of uremia county, as well as west azerbaijan province in a period of 5 years was equal to 50% and 41.66%, respectively. the findings of the present research indicated that the trend of changes in 50% of the indicators in rural areas of uremia and 75% in the rural areas of west azerbaijan province was significant during five years. the average of 58.33% of the indicators in the villages of uremia county was lower than the provincial index. except for the indicators of desirability of water chemical samples, sanitary collection and disposal of animal waste, and food preparation, distribution, and sale centers with hygienic criteria, other environmental health indicators (75%) have a significant difference with the provincial index. the status of most environmental health indicators in the villages of uremia county and west azerbaijan province is favorable. except for indicators of sanitary collection and disposal of wastewater and animal waste, the desirability of 83.33% of the indicators was more than 75% both in the villages of uremia county and west azerbaijan province during five years. in general, the results of the present study showed that 50% of environmental health indicators in the villages of uremia have improved over a period of 5 years, but the desirability of more than 50% of indicators was lower than the provincial index. therefore, the efforts and participation of authorities, villagers, islamic councils, environmental health experts, and health workers are necessary to improve environmental health indicators.introductionenvironmental health is one of the main challenges of sustainable development in most countries. the most important health priorities of most countries, especially developing countries in rural areas are sanitary collection and disposal of solid waste, animal waste as well as access to drinking water and sanitary toilets. environmental health indicators are very essential because they reflect the changing state of people's living environment and the existing health threats. studies indicated that environmental quality can affect health status and costs. therefore, improving the environmental situation will have positive effects on the health of the community. the health of individuals in society has positive effects on the standard of living of people, and measuring health indicators is one of the most desirable and appropriate approaches to assess the level of health in a society. rural society, which accounts for more than 27 percent of the country's population, plays a key role in the country's economic and social life. given the importance and position of rural society in the country and the problems and challenges that this society faces in the development process, recognizing and analyzing the features of rural development planning in the country is necessary. in the process of rural development planning, attention to rural environmental health is essential and can lead to improving the quality of rural environmental health. environmental health indicators are very important because they reflect the changing state of people's living environment and the existing health threats. the environmental health status of an area can indicate the status of development or underdevelopment of that area.improving environmental health indicators in rural areas, in the implementation of rural health development and with the aim of reducing the risk of infectious diseases, play a critical role in improving the quality of life and health of villagers with inter sectoral cooperation and public participation. in the islamic republic of iran, many programs related to the rural environment have been implemented since 2006. nevertheless, the evidence suggests that the level of health in rural areas is low. the production of information and indicators on various aspects of health is essential and must be addressed. assessing and monitoring people's health is one of the most significant principles of public health science, and the health status of a community is measured based on the indicators of the health of that community and the rate of change of these indicators over time.at present, health information related to the environmental health status of rural areas is regularly prepared in the form of statistical forms and health indicators. despite the great value of these health indicators, the trend of changes in environmental health indicators in rural areas over time has been less analyzed and limited scientific articles have been published in this field. therefore, according to the mentioned cases, this study was conducted to investigate the trend of changes in environmental health indicators in the villages of uremia county during a 5 year period (2015 2019).methodologyuremia county is located in the northwest of iran, which has 39 comprehensive rural health service centers and 6 urban rural health service centers, and in total has 200 health houses with 315 health workers and 625 villages. the present study is longitudinal retrospective research that was conducted using the data available in the environmental health department of the health center of uremia county and west azerbaijan province over a period of 5 years. the data collection tool was a checklist with a list of desired indicators. these indicators are standard values that are calculated and recorded in accordance with the guidelines for environmental and occupational health. these indicators have been selected by environmental health experts and included in this list, so the tools of this study had the necessary validity and reliability. the 12 environmental health indicators studied in this research are the percentage of rural households with access to drinking water, public plumbing network, sanitary toilets, sanitary collection and disposal of wastewater, solid waste and animal excrement, desirability of microbial and chemical samples, measurement of residual chlorine, food preparation, distribution and sales centers and public places with health criteria and employees of centers and places with a valid medical card. after collecting data, the indicators were compared with existing provincial indicators.