frequency response analysis: an overview of the measurement process and interpretation of results for fault diagnosis and location in power transformers

One of the main components of a power transformer is the transformer insulation system, namely, transformer insulation oil and transformer insulation paper. any failure can cause the transformer to fail temporarily or permanently. as a result, regular and non-destructive monitoring of transformers is of particular importance for early detection and prediction of any faults. frequency response analysis (fra) is known as a high-accuracy, fast, economical, and non-destructive method for diagnosing the condition of a transformer, which can be used independently or as a complementary method to ensure the results of other diagnostic tests and based on the operational conditions of the transformer, it can be implemented in two methods, online and offline. this paper provides an in-depth discussion of measuring and interpreting fra results and the ability of this method to detect and locate power transformer faults, especially insulation faults, which have been given less attention in the past. the information confirmed in this survey is expected to provide an important roadmap for future research in monitoring the condition of transformer insulation systems