Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid cancers, and Osteoprosis

This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between thyroid disorders, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and their impact on bone health and fracture risk. hyperthyroidism, whether overt or subclinical, has been associated with an increased risk of fractures, emphasizing the significance of addressing thyroid dysfunction to prevent fractures. surgical treatment for hyperthyroidism was found to reduce fracture risk in a nationwide follow-up study, while overt hyperthyroidism was linked to heightened bone turnover, diminished bone density, osteoporosis, and an elevated fracture risk. additionally, hyperthyroidism's potential to accelerate linear growth and strain on bones further contributes to fracture susceptibility. in older men, lower levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh)were associated with a higher risk of hip fractures, indicating a specific connection between thyroidfunction and hip fracture risk. graves' disease, often leading to prolonged untreated hyperthyroidism, can result in bone density loss and an increased risk of osteoporosis. the impact of thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies on bone mineral density in premenopausal women with graves' disease was also explored, revealing a clinically relevant influence of thyroid function on bone modulation. furthermore, the review discusses the potential protective role of tsh receptor antibodies (trab) on bones in patients with graves' thyrotoxicosis and graves' orbitopathy. the review concludes by highlighting theimportance of monitoring bone health in thyroid disease patients and the need for further research to fully understand these complex interactions.