a review of diagnosis and therapeutics of endometrial carcinomas

Endometrial cancer (ec) is a cancer of the inner epithelial lining of the uterus which has been increasing worldwide. being the most common gynecological malignancy, the incidence of endometrial cancer estimated 417,336 worldwide in 2020 as sixth most commonly female cancer. ec is a hormone-sensitive condition that is thought to develop as a result of excessive estrogenic stimulation of the uterine endometrial lining. this estrogenic stimulation causes mitogenic stimulation and, ultimately, malignant transformation of the endometrial glandular epithelium, which is why lower-grade endometrioid ecs are more common. postmenopausal bleeding (pmb) is a common symptom of ec and accounts for approximately two-thirds of all gynecological visits among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. histological examination of endometrial tissue taken with miniature endometrial biopsy instruments is the most common method used to diagnose endometrial cancer. the figo staging system has taken into account the extent of myometrial invasion as well as extrauterine disease (uterine serosa, adnexal involvement, peritoneal cytology, intra-abdominal, and lymph nodes). newly diagnosed ec is treated differently in different regions and treatment centers. surgery is the main treatment for disease in its early stages. adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy can be used to lower the risk of recurrence, depending on the stage of the disease and other risk factors.