investigating culture-specific items in roald dahl’s “charlie and chocolate factory” based on newmark’s model

Culture-specific items (csis) abound in languages. sometimes these items are peculiar to one culture and sometimes they may be shared across several cultures. every translator encounters a variety of csis in different texts and may face difficulties in translating them, particularly in literary translation (e.g. children’s literature). to overcome the problem of finding the right equivalent, the translator has to rely on different strategies. this study investigates the strategies used to render csis in two persian translations of roald dahl’s “charlie and chocolate factory”, following newmark’s (1988) model (which includes categories such as cultural equivalent, transference, functional equivalent, through-translation, etc.). the study also compares the two translations, inspecting and explaining the strategies used in each one to translate the csis observed. based on the data analysis and the results of the study, the most widely used strategies was “cultural equivalent”, followed by “through-translation” and “recognized translation.”