تبیین رابطه طبع افراد با گرایش به معماری سنتی در اقلیم گرم و خشک نمونه موردی؛ شهر یزد

در ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻃﺒﺎﯾﻊ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ و روﺣﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ او ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ ؛ ﻟﺬا ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﺰاﺟﯽ اﻓﺮاد در ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ اﯾﺸﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﮔﺮاﯾﺸﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ِ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﻣﺰاج اﯾﺸﺎن م یﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان دﻏﺪﻏﻪای در ذﻫﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر و ﻃﺮاح ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﻮد. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻧﻮاع ﻃﺒﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺳﻨﺘﯽ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺸﮏ و اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﻠﻮب، ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی- ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ای و ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ و روش، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان روش ﺟﻤﻊ آوری دادهﻫﺎ، در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار spss ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺰاجﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺮاﯾﺸﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻨﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ و ﻫﺮﭼﻘﺪر ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﯽ و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﺰاج اﻓﺮاد اﻓﺰوده ﺷﻮد ﺷﺪت واﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻬﺘﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻨﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ از ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮوز ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ؛ ﻣﻘﺪار p-valve ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺧﻄﺎ در آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 0/01 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮده ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺳﻨﺘﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 0/99 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن tukey hsd ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺰاج ﺑﻠﻐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ46 /74 در ﮔﺮوه اول و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻣﺰاج(ﺻﻔﺮاوی، ﺳﻮداﺋﯽ و دﻣﻮی) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ردهﻫﺎی ﺑﻌﺪی ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ.

Explanation of the Relationship between Temperaments with the Preferences towards Traditional Architecture

In the Architecture of Temperaments it is said that psychosomatic conditions of humans affect their tendencies towards environmental factors. Therefore, temperamental categorization of users according to traditional medicine can affect their preferences towards architectural elements.  Based on this fact, the conformity of architectural preferences with the temperaments of the users is something worthy of note in the architect’s mind. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to provide an explanation of the relationship between different temperaments and the intensity of preferring architectural elements in traditional architecture. Based on its goal, this study follows the method of applieddevelopmental studies, and based on its nature it is performed using the explanatoryanalytical methodology. Questionnaires were used to collect data which then was fed into SPSS for analysis. The findings of this study reveal that different temperaments show different intensities of preference when faced with a traditional building. In particular, the more the hot and dry elements are added to the person’s temperament, the more the intensity of the reaction is visible. Moreover, the statistical tests show the pvalue to be less than 0.01% with a 99% confidence level. This confirms the first hypothesis which predicts the effect of difference in temperament on the architectural elements of traditional architecture. The result of Tukey HSD test also shows that the phlegmatic temperament is the first group with an average of 74.46 and other temperaments (choleric, melancholic and sanguine) take the next places respectively.