مفهوم‌سازی غم با حوزۀ شناختی ظرف در زبان‌های فارسی و عربی

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻏﻢ در آن ﺑﺨﺶ از زﺑﺎنﻫﺎی ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺪا ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮف، ﺗﺼﻮر و ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ازاﯾﻦﻃﺮﯾﻖ، ﺷﯿﻮه‌ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯿﺪن ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﯾﺎن زﺑﺎنﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه درک ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. اﻓﺰونﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در ﭘَﺲِ ﻋﺒﺎرات ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢِ ﻇﺮفاﻧﮕﺎری ﻓﺮد ﻏﻤﮕﯿﻦ آﺷﮑﺎر ﮔﺸﺘﻪ و ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ آن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮔﺮدد. روش اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و درﭼﺎرﭼﻮب اﺳﺘﻌﺎره‌ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪای، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪی ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﯾﺎن زﺑﺎنﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرهﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﺑﻨﯿﺎد ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ در درک ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎ از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﯾﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﯽ، ﻏﻢ را ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﻣﺎدهای داﻧﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻠﻮ را ﺑﻨﺪ آورده ﻏﺺّ، ﺷﺠﺎ، ﺟﺮِض(؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﯾﻦ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﺣﻠﻖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ، درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻓﺎرﺳﯽزﺑﺎن، ﻏﻢ را ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ داﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ آن را ﺧﻮرده اﺳﺖ ﻏﻢ/ ﻏﺼﻪ ﺧﻮرد(. ﮔﻮﯾﯽ، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﻗﻮرتدادن در آن ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﺸﮑﻞ اﯾﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮراک در دل ﻣﻌﺪه( اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و اﯾﻦ اﻧﺪام را ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر ﻗﺮار داده دﻟﻢ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺪ(، ﯾﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮراک ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﺳﯿﺐ و زﺧﻢِ دل ﮔﺸﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺧﻮنِ دل ﻣﯽﺧﻮرد(؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺧﻮردن ﻏﻢ ﻣﺎﯾﮥ زﺧﻢ و ﺧﻮنﺷﺪن دل اﺳﺖ.

conceptualizing sadness through the conceptual domain of container in persian and arabic languages

metaphor has long been the concern of scholars. in lisan ol-arab, it is said about metaphors that metaphor: to borrow: asked to lend something, and he asked him to lend it to him (ibn manzoor, no date: matter of عور ). in clarifying how to apply metaphor as a socialbehavior to the realm of language and beyond that thought, it should be said that in a large part of linguistic expressions such as my heartis full of pain, [ قلبی مُترعٌ بالالم ] we come across some characteristics of the sad heart as the target domain by presenting and adapting some features of container containing fluid as the source domain. thisunconscious process is called conceptual metaphor. this study examines the part of the concept of sadness that is conceptualized by its container and content. regarding the container metaphor for theconcept of sadness, containers are one of the most effective source domains for understanding and expressing the existence and it is worth noting that most of the source domain which is used as a metaphor for considering sadness as a container, belongs to the body, its various parts, and the various situations that occur in it.