past-oriented behavioural bias: a study on sandp and tepix indexes

Behavioral finance had been becoming a fast-growing field of study in the past few years and because of the importance of investors' behavior in market performance, it's extremely noteworthy. by studying biases from their orientation perspective, we can divide them into two major groups, past-oriented, and current- oriented biases. in this research, a model had been developed for the pastoriented behavioral bias, which is closely related to the random walk theory. the research sample included the daily price information of 9 different industry indices in the tehran exchange price index (tepix), the index of 50 top companies in the tehran stock exchange, and the sandp index in the new york stock exchange from 2011/25/03 to 2019/19/03. the results of the arima model based on markov switching models were measured for the degree of rigidity of these indexes by random walk theory, and then the effect of past-oriented behavioral bias was calculated in each of these 12 indexes by developing a new model. the results indicate that the cement index had the highest pastoriented behavioral bias (57%), followed by the top 50 companies index (46%), chemicals (41%), and oil product index (12%). however, the sandp index had no past-oriented behavioral bias.