تحلیل توئیت های نخبگان سیاسی ایران درباره پاندمی کووید19

زمینه و اهداف در طول دوران پاندمی کرونا، نخبگان سیاسی در ایران سعی کرده اند از شبکه های اجتماعی برای بیان دیدگاه های خود یا تاثیرگذاری بر افکار مردم و یا انتقاد از عملکرد دولت در زمینه مدیریت بیماری کووید19 بهره ببرند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی و تحلیل توئیت های مرتبط با این پاندمی که توسط شخصیت های سیاسی ایرانی توئیت شده، انجام گرفته است. مواد و روش ها این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و از نوع تحلیل محتواست. با مراجعه به وب سایت های خبری عمومی و تخصصی سیاسی، فهرستی از شخصیت های سیاسی که احتمال کاندیدا شدن آن ها در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری سال 1400 وجود داشت، انتخاب شدند، حساب های توئیتری این افراد شناسایی شد و کلیه توئیت های اصلی و اولیه فارسی و انگلیسی این افراد درباره کووید19 از ابتدای پاندمی کووید19 در اواخر سال 2019 تا انتهای سال2020 گردآوری و بررسی شد. از روش تحلیل محتوا برای تم بندی و تحلیل توئیت ها استفاده شد. یافته ها بیش از2800 توئیت از 27 شخصیت سیاسی مورد بررسی قرار گفت. حدود 18درصد از کل توئیتهای این افراد در این بازه زمانی، مرتبط با سلامت و تقریبا 84 درصد از توئیت های سلامت محتوای کرونایی داشتند. کلیه توئیت های مرتبط با کووید19 در شش تم اصلی شامل؛ اطلاع رسانی؛ توصیه های سیاستی؛ انتقاد از عملکرد دولت؛ تحلیل وضعیت و پیش بینی آینده؛ هشدار؛ و مسائل کلان اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی دسته بندی شدند. نتیجه گیری در سال های اخیر استفاده از توئیتر در بین نخبگان سیاسی ایران افزایش چشمگیری داشته است. به نظر می رسد، توئیت های نخبگان سیاسی، می تواند تاثیر چشمگیری در دیدگاه ها و رفتار مردم و همچنین عملکرد و یا الزام به پاسخگویی بیشتر دولت در مدیریت پاندمی کووید19 داشته باشد. نظام سلامت نیز می تواند از ظرفیت این شبکه اجتماعی برای اطلاع رسانی برنامه ها، جلب حمایت و اشاعه دیدگاه های بهداشتی و پیشگیری، بهره بیشتری ببرد.

COVID19 Pandemic Tweets by Iranian Political Elites: A Content Analysis Study

Background and Objectives During the COVID19 Pandemic, political elites in Iran have tried to use social media to express their views, influence public opinion or criticize the government's performance in managing Covid19 disease. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the tweets related to this Pandemic that were tweeted by Iranian political elites. Material and Methods This qualitative study is conducted based on the method of content analysis. A list of political elites likely to run for presidency in 1400 presidential election was selected by referring to public and specialized political news websites, their Twitter accounts were identified and all their Persian and English tweets about COVID19 until the end of 2020 were collected and reviewed. Content analysis method was used for analyzing the tweets. Results More than 2,800 tweets from 27 political elites were reviewed. About 18% of the total tweets during this period were related to health and about 84% of the health tweets had COVID19 content. All tweets related to COVID19 were categorized under six main themes; notices; policy recommendation; criticism of government performance; situation analysis and future forecasting; warnings and Macroeconomic, social and political issues. Conclusion In recent years, the use of Twitter among Iran's political elites has increased significantly. It seems that the tweets of the political elites can influence the public’s views and behaviors as well as the government performance in a major way, leading the government to be more accountable in responsible management of the COVID19 pandemic. The health system can also make more use of the social network's capacity to inform programs, attract support and disseminate health and prevention perspectives Extended Abstract Background and Objectives In the field of health care, the views of political elites greatly influence the opinions of citizens and their healthrelated behaviors. Political leaders can use their influence on public opinion to address public health issues by disseminating evidencebased public health information. Social networks like Twitter play an important role in enabling people to stay in touch even in times of crisis. During the COVID19 Pandemic, political elites in Iran have tried to use social media to express their views or influence public opinion or criticize the government's performance in managing COVID19 disease. This study aims to investigate and analyze the Iranian political elites’ tweets related to this pandemic. Material and Methods This qualitative study is conducted based on the method of content analysis. According to public and specialized political news websites, we made a list of political elites who were likely to run for presidency in 1400 presidential election. The research population of this list was finalized, and all members of the research population were surveyed. The Twitter accounts of these people were identified and all the main tweets of these people both in Persian and English about COVID19 were collected and reviewed, starting from the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic in late 2019 to the end of 2020. The names and positions of individuals, the number of followers, the number of health and COVID19related tweets, and finally the content of COVID19related tweets were collected in tables. Content analysis method was used to theme and analyze tweets. Because all data (tweets) were retrieved from the openaccess public domain, no ethical approval was required. Results More than 2,800 tweets from 27 political elites were reviewed. About 18% of all the tweets during this period were related to health and about 84% of the health tweets had COVID19 content. All tweets related to COVID19 were categorized under six main themes; Notices; Policy recommendations; Criticism of government performance; Status analysis and future forecasting; Warning; and macroeconomic, social, and political issues. The main topics of information included subtopics of morbidity and mortality trends, production or purchase of vaccines, planning of national and local actions, status or sacrifice of medical staff, preparation and distribution of masks and other protective equipment, disease status in other countries, job closures, the economic, social and psychological damage caused by the covid19 outbreak. Policy recommendations also included support for medical staff, prioritization of health to the economy, distribution of protection or vaccination equipment, selfcare and attention to health advice, temporary closure of infected cities and areas, development of virtual communications and new business platforms, international cooperation and regional, avoidance of unnecessary travel, cooperation between government agencies, people's livelihood and the improvement of monitoring systems.Criticism of the government's performance, excessive inconsistency in decisionmaking and information, inadequate distribution of protective equipment, absence of the president in the parliament, hasty and contradictory comments, preference of the economy over public health, internal and intersectoral inconsistencies, indecision in decisionmaking, Lack of use of successful internal and external experiences in dealing with the disease and impossibility of social and physical distance in public places were classified. Situation analysis and forecasting also include the doubling of economic problems along with the COVID19 outbreak, the lack of impact of restrictions on traffic reduction, resilience to crisis due to previous experiences, and the synergy of military devices and facilities for the present and the future.We also categorized other subthemes, including aggravation of poverty and economic and social harms, reduction of observance of health protocols, congestion and gatherings, trips and excessive presence of travelers in tourist areas, failure of health system, security, political and religious issues and profiteering and abuses. Finally, the themes of macroeconomic, social, and political issues included themes such as political sanctions, assistance to families affected by the corona, the impact of the corona on sustainable development, and new lifestyles in the corona and postCOVID19 eras. Conclusion In recent years, the use of Twitter among Iranian political elites has increased significantly. It seems that political elites tweets can have a dramatic effect on the attitudes and behaviors of the people or obliging the government to be more accountable and do better in the management of COVID 19 pandemic. The health system can also make more use of the social network's capacity to inform programs, attract support and disseminate health and prevention perspectives. Practical Implications of Research The present study helps to create a more comprehensive analysis of the views of political elites, and familiarizes us with their thoughts and attitudes on current issues of the health system and even the extent of their attention to health. This study helps health researchers and analysts while designing a reliable source for the analysis of attitude of officials and political elites, we might, in so doing , provide a basis for them on which to design and implement similar studies. This study helps health researchers and analysts to design and implement similar studies while obtaining a reliable source for their analysis of the attitudes of officials and political elites. This research is the first study of its kind in the Iran that can affect future studies in this regard. Ethical Considerations This study was conducted using public data on the Internet and does not require ethical approval due to public and open access to the data used. The names of the people and their tweets are openly available to the public. Conflict of Interest There is no conflict of interest in this study. Aknowledgment None declared.