comparision of methods for calculating symmetry in 3d angular kinematics of lower limb joints during athlete walking

Background: the lack of coordination in body movements while walking is known as asymmetry. excessive asymmetry in movement can be used to diagnose various diseases among individuals with and without pathology. despite the wide variety of equations and formulas used to estimate symmetry and asymmetry, it remains unclear which equation is the most effective. the present study aims to compare the equations to gain a better understanding of three-dimensional joint angle symmetry during walking and to select a more suitable equation for estimating symmetry in athletes. methods: 30 healthy female athletes walked barefoot in front of 10 vicon motion analyzer cameras along a 10-meter walkway to record three-dimensional angles of both lower limb joints. then by independent t-test, the results of two equations of calculating the symmetry of the three-dimensional angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the lower limbs were compared. results: the study's results revealed that there was no statistically significant variance in the lower limb symmetry when comparing the two distinct symmetry equations. conclusions: coaches and sports professionals can use these findings to analyze the symmetry of athletes' movements and develop tailored training programs. moreover, these assessments can aid in identifying and correcting any asymmetries to prevent sports-related injuries, as symmetry and the dominant leg are crucial for maintaining proper technique across a wide range of sports.