double inferior vena cava with bilateral mild hydronephrosis: a rare case report

A 47-year-old female with a history of antiphospholipid syndrome and ischemic stroke was presented to the emergency department due to abdominal pain and bloody vomiting. ultrasonography showed double inferior vena cava and bilateral mild hydronephrosis. furthermore, the abdominal computed tomography (ct) scan did not show any evidence of urolithiasis. the ultrasound images of distinctive developmental variations of inferior vena cava and other veins are important to be known. vascular anomalies, although rare, should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of focal lesions within the abdominal cavity. double ivc might have been the cause of hydronephrosis in our patient.