why do green spaces matter for mental health in urban environments?

Background and objectives: urban green spaces play a vital role in promoting the mental and physical well-being of city residents. while their benefits are widely acknowledged, understanding how demographic factors and travel behaviors influence this green space usage remains limited. this study aims to explore the relationship between urban green space use, user demographics, and perceived mental health benefits within urban environments.methods: a quantitative survey was conducted involving 420 urban green space users. the study assessed participants' health status, physical activities, and emotional responses using structured questionnaires. statistical analyses such as analysis of variance and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate relationships between variables. all analyses were conducted using the statistical package for social sciences software (version 27).findings: stress levels were found to be moderate to high, with a mean score of 3.22 on a 5-point likert scale. emotional well-being showed a positive correlation with reduced stress, with those experiencing emotional distress reporting higher stress levels (mean score of 4.13). regular physical activity was associated with lower anxiety levels, with individuals engaging in physical exercise reporting an average anxiety score of 2.85 compared to 4.12 for those with minimal activity. additionally, emotional health improved significantly, as participants reported higher confidence and peace of mind, with scores increasing from 2.75 to 4.10 after engaging in stress-reducing activities. demographic factors influenced stress levels, with younger participants (ages 18-25) having a mean stress score of 3.45, compared to older participants (ages 45-60) who reported a mean stress score of 2.89.conclusion: urban green space provides a significant mental health benefit by reducing stress and enhancing emotional well-being. this study highlights the critical role of ugs in urban planning for fostering resilience and promoting sustainable community development, aligning with the sustainable development goals.