enhancing informal settlements through urban design, planning, and infill development

Background and objectives: the growth and development of informal settlements are among the main challenges facing urban development, particularly in metropolitan areas. the noh-darreh area, located along the southern highlands of mashhad, is a prominent example of informal settlements in the southwestern part of the city. it has attracted the attention of both the public and urban development institutions. neglecting the needs and potential of the noh-darreh area in the planning and implementation of development projects could degrade its urban fabric, turning it into a deteriorated and unstable settlement, predominantly inhabited by migrants with a minimal sense of belonging to their place of residence. this study aims to explain and analyze the urban planning and design factors that impact the quality of informal settlements and evaluate their effectiveness in the noh-darreh area of mashhad. by adopting an infill development approach, the research seeks to propose a viable model for improving the quality of life and habitability in the noh-darreh area.methods: this study is purpose-driven and utilizes a mixed-methods research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. data collection was carried out using the meta-synthesis technique, which involved a systematic review of reliable scientific databases and gathering insights from urban designers, urban managers, and urban development professionals. the findings were assessed using the delphi technique.findings: based on the assessments, the most influential indicators using a substantive approach are land use and functionality (0.166), building characteristics (0.114), and the permeability of the fabric (0.107). in terms of a procedural approach, the key indicators are urban governance (0.069), social capital (0.067), and the characteristics of development plans (0.042). additionally, planning and design strategies centered around infill development have been proposed in both the planning and design dimensions to improve the quality of informal settlements in the noh-darreh area.conclusion: the study reveals that targeted urban planning and design can significantly improve the quality of informal settlements through effective infill development. by focusing on key areas such as strengthening public spaces, optimizing land use, enhancing accessibility, protecting physical structures, and preserving the natural environment, we can transform these areas. also, fostering strong partnerships between government and communities and promoting economic infrastructure can create better opportunities for residents. this approach can revitalize the noh-darreh area, turning it into a thriving, sustainable community and securing a brighter future for its residents.