the impact of fe-doped nano zirconia for the reformation of the photoreaction rate and materializing microorganism resistance

Doping transition metals have great potential to enhance the optical and magnetic properties. this work described the synthesis of pure and fexzr 1-x o2 (x = 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mol %) nanoparticles, structural, magnetic, photocatalytic, and anti-microbial properties.  according to the results, fe doping reduced the crystallite size from 29.74 to 7.88 nm. smaller particles have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which can enhance their reactivity. uv-visible spectra, the produced un-doped, and fe-doped zirconia nanoparticles have a comprehensive band-gap material ranging between 4.6 and 1.6 ev. a smaller band gap allows nanoparticles to absorb light more efficiently which enhances the photocatalytic activity. the diffraction pattern of pure and iron-doped zro2 nanoparticles reveals a tetragonal crystalline phase. the retention of the tetragonal crystalline structure upon doping, despite introducing fe3+, highlights a unique stability in the material. the sem micrograph confirms the pure zro2 nanoparticles have a rod-shaped morphology and spherical mixture of spherical and needle-shaped morphology for iron-doped zirconia with various concentrations. the hysteresis loop for pristine zirconia exhibits perfect ferromagnetism at room temperature (rtfm), whereas iron-doped zirconia exhibits superparamagnetic behavior, according to a vsm investigation which offers several advantages in fields like medicine, and environmental remediation in addition, iron doping improves zirconia’s anti-microbial properties.