pd@mwcnts/gce based voltammetric sensor for butachlor herbicide detection in soil samples

Butachlor is a herbicide that belongs to the acetanilide family. it is widely used as a granule-based postemergence herbicide on rice in india. as a result of the ongoing usage of these synthetic substances, soil fertility and soil organisms are declining. differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine butachlor herbicide in soil samples with a modified glassy carbon electrode voltammetric sensor with palladium-supported multiwalled carbon nanotubes (pd@mwcnts). scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology of pd@mwcnts, while cyclic and differential pulse techniques were used to investigate the voltammetric properties. the butachlor herbicide under voltammetric investigation involves irreversible, two-electron reduction based on the protonation of the carbonyl group (>c=o). the voltammetric method was developed for the determination of butachlor in phosphate buffer solution at ph 6.0 as a supporting electrolyte. a good linear response to butachlor in the concentration ranging from 0.10 μg⸳ml−1 to 32.0 μg⸳ml−1 was observed, and a limit of detection of 0.044 μg.ml^−1 was obtained with the calculation based on signal/noise=3. the suggested method was efficaciously applied for the detection of butachlor in soil samples.