removal of crystal violet using nanozeolite-x from aqueous solution: central composite design optimization study

The remaining dye in the wastewater is not desirable as it damages the ecosystem and nature, and also is very toxic. the crystal violet (cv) dye is toxic and potentially carcinogenic. in addition, it reduces light in water and prevents the process of photosynthesis of aquatic plants. therefore, nanozeolite-x (nx) was utilized as an adsorbent to remove the crystal violet (cv); effects of ph, catalyst mass, sonication time, and concentration of dye were also investigated. effects of variables on the removal efficiency were studied via the central composite design (ccd) to determine the dye removal percentage. the quadratic model was selected to predict the removal efficiency using the software. optimal conditions for cv removal from aqueous solution were: ph= 8, sonication time= 6 min, concentration of dye= 13 mg l-1, and catalyst mass= 0.26 g. in these circumstances, the recovery efficiency was 97.60%. the research results indicated that nx could be applied potentially for cv removal.