development and validation of a quantitative research literacy questionnaire

Simultaneous with the emergence of numerous new concerns and techniques in carrying out research in english language teaching (elt) contexts, conducting elt research has turned into a multi-dimensional process, and elt researchers seem to require advanced research skills in order to address different pedagogical issues. focusing on quantitative research, the present study was undertaken to develop and validate a quantitative research literacy (qrl) instrument for english as a foreign language (efl) teacher training context. to this objective, a four-component model of qrl, encompassing developing research topic knowledge, research design knowledge, procedural knowledge, and data analysis knowledge was developed based on experts’ opinion and an extensive review of the related literature. testing of the tentative model through exploratory and confirmatory data analyses on a sample of 1180 efl teachers across three education levels indicated that a 4-factor model of qrl with 9 sub-factors and 50 items could best explain qrl.