green synthesis of cu-doped tio2 nanoparticles via cannabis sativa leaves for efficient adsorption of cationic dyes from wastewater

In this study, 5 wt. %cu-doped tio₂ nanoparticles (nps) were synthesized through a green and sustainable method, utilizing cannabis sativa leaf extract as a reducing agent to promote eco-friendly wastewater treatment. the nps were characterized using xrd, fesem, bet, edax, and tem, revealing uniform dispersion, an average particle size of approximately 20.5 nm, and a high surface area of 92 m²/g. these nps were employed for adsorption of methylene blue (mb) and rhodamine b (rhb) dyes from aqueous solutions at initial concentrations of 1–10 mg/l. adsorption experiments, conducted over 150 min, showed equilibrium data best fitting the freundlich isotherm (r² = 0.9979 for mb, 0.9995 for rhb), indicating multilayer adsorption. kinetic studies confirmed that the elovich models provided the best fit (r² > 0.997), suggesting chemisorption-dominated processes. the nps exhibited high adsorption efficiency, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution for treating textile wastewater, addressing critical environmental challenges posed by industrial dyes.