systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of elettaria cardamomum supplementation on glycemic indices and anthropometric measurements

Background: type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) is considered a problem for public health worldwide and cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) as a spice which contains polyphenolic components may have a beneficial effect on the status of diabetes patients. this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the efficacy of cardamom intake on weight reduction and glycemic control. methods: electronic databases were searched up to december 2023 to identify eligible articles. mean differences were pooled using a fixed effects model, and standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. results: totally, eight studies were included in the final analysis. analysis showed that cardamom intake attenuated serum level of insulin [standard mean difference (smd): -0.64, 95% ci: -0.86 to -0.43, p<0.001], whereas changes of fasting blood glucose (smd: -0.13, 95% ci: -0.33 to 0.06), weight (smd: -0.01, 95% ci: -0.23 to 0.20) and body mass index (smd: -0.05, 95% ci: -0.02 to 0.11) were not significant. conclusion: according to the findings of the present meta-analysis, cardamom intake significantly declined serum insulin level but did not have any significant effect on fasting blood glucose, weight, and body mass index.