effect of low-fat dairy products fortified with encapsulated vitamin d3 on anxiety, depression and stress in people with cardiovascular risk factors

Background: vitamin d deficiency is a worldwide condition, which has been linked to a variety of health-related issues. vitamin d can be beneficial to cardiovascular patients and those suffering from depression and anxiety, based on survey of ultraviolet intake by nutritional approach (suvina study), ,showing the potential effects of vitamin d-fortified dairy products on anxiety, depression, and stress in subjects with cardiovascular disease (cvd) risk factors. methods: it was a quadruple-blind randomized controlled trial. individuals were randomly allocated to one of four groups: fortified low-fat milk (fm), non-fortified low-fat milk (nfm), fortified low-fat yogurt (fy), and non-fortified low-fat yogurt (nfy). fm and fy groups were fortified with 1500 iu nano-encapsulated vitamin d3. anthropometric parameters as well as depression, anxiety, and stress scores were measured at baseline and after a ten-week trial in mashhad, iran. results: totally, 289 participants (143 men, 146 women) with a mean age of 41.86±7.81years were enrolled in the study. there was no statistical difference between the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in participants with and without cvd risk factors (p>0.05).  no statistical difference was found in the subgroup analysis based on milk and yogurt consumption. conclusions: fortified low-fat milk containing 1,500 iu of vitamin d has no impact on improving depression, anxiety, and stress during ten weeks. however, further studies with higher vitamin d doses for a longer duration are recommended.