the association between nutrition style through the first 2 years of life, maternal and childhood indicators with type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: a case-control study

Background: nutrition and dietary habits is one of the determinant factor on glycemic control of diabetes mellitus. this study aims to investigate the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) and diet in the first two years of life as well as a select group of demographic variables. methods: this case-control study was conducted on 76 children with t1dm and 209 non-diabetic children selected through convenience sampling from the population of people visiting the community health centers of the city of jahrom, iran. the required data were collected by a questionnaire of diet and demographic information completed by the mothers of the children. the data were analyzed using logistic regression and adjusted odds ratio. results: finally, the results of multiple backward logistic regression showed that the studied factors had a significant association with t1dm (p < 0.05), including body mass index (bmi) less than 18 kg/m² for mothers before pregnancy (or: 4.4, 95% ci: 1.61 to 11.97), mothers without a history of diabetes (or: 0.02, 95% ci: 0.001 to 0.60), mother’s weight before pregnancy (or: 0.88, 95% ci: 0.84 to 0.91), mother’s excess weight during pregnancy (or: 0.83, 95% ci: 0.75 to 0.93), exclusive breastfeeding for more than six months (or: 0.19, 95% ci: 0.03 to 0.96), low weight gain in the first two years of life (or: 6.98, 95% ci: 2.16 to 22.5), and the breastfeeding less than 12 months  (or: 10.52, 95% ci: 1.62 to 66.64). conclusion: bmi less than 18 kg/m2 for mothers before pregnancy, low weight gain in the first two years of life, and breastfeeding less than 12 months increased the risk of developing t1dm in children.