non-uniform porosity distribution on a hollow cylinder with thermo-magnetic mechanical loading

Currently, with the tremendous development in manufacturing composite materials, porous functionally graded materials have attracted many engineering, thermal, and electrical studies and applications on porous structures as most recent applications in functionally graded (fg) materials. in this study, semi-analytical solutions are investigated for perfect and porous fg hollow cylinders influenced by magnetic, and thermo-mechanical loads. porosities with random distribution on the cylinder are considered. magneto-thermo elastic characteristic of porous fg cylinder is substantive by modulated power law for even and uneven distributions of porosity in a radial direction of a porous hollow cylinder. the contribution of the present paper is demonstrated in providing complete elastic solutions for porous fg cylinders by considering perfect, even, and uneven distribution. also, the validation of the grading index and porosity factor on the porous cylinder is reported for two different cases of boundary conditions. all of the two cases are studied in detail and the results of comparison between perfect and porous material are tabulated and discussed. the conclusion of this study should assist with developing mechanical engineering applications.