metal and metallic oxide nanofluid over a shrinking surface with thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption

In transport as well as manufacturing industries, the two basic aspects are heating and cooling. the use of metal or metallic oxide nanofluids has an effective cooling technique than that of conventional fluids. therefore, the work is aimed at describing the three-dimensional mhd flow of metal and metallic oxide nanofluids past a stretching/shrinking sheet embedding with a permeable media. further, thermal properties are enhanced by incorporating heat generation/absorption and radiative heat energy in the heat equation, enhancing the efficiency of temperature profiles. the convective boundary condition for temperature is used, which affects the temperature profile. suitable similarity transformation is used to transform the governing equations to ordinary differential equations. the approximate analytical solution is obtained for these transformed differential equations employing the adomian decomposition method (adm). the influences of characterizing parameters are obtained and displayed via graphs, and the computation results of the heat transfer rate for various values of constraints are shown in a table. it is observed that both the momentum and energy profiles decrease with an enhance in the porosity parameter. also, the fluid temperature decreases with an increasing thermal radiation parameter, but the opposite effect is encountered for the energy generation/absorption parameter.