effect of porosity and hygrothermal environment on fgp hollow spheres under electromechanical loads

Semi-analytical studies for the porosity action of a hollow sphere made of functionally graded piezoelectric material are presented. a semi-analytical technique for radial displacement is presented. a combination of internal and external pressures, temperature distribution, uniform hygrothermal distribution, and an electric potential variation has been discussed between the inner and outer surfaces of the sphere. the material physical properties for the present porous hollow sphere are varying through the thickness due to the power functions of the radius. numerical outcomes are validated for radial displacement, electric potential, and stresses for the perfect and porous functionally graded hollow sphere. the effect of different mechanical, piezoelectric, and hygrothermal are investigated.