heat transfer of hybrid-nanofluids flow past a permeable flat surface with different volume fractions

Nowadays, the preparation, characterization, and modeling of nanofluids are deliberated in plenty to improve the heat transfer effects. therefore, this paper centers on the heat transfer effects of three separate hybrid nanoparticles such as al2o3-sio2, al2o3-tio2, and tio2-sio2 with a base fluid such as water to gratify the advances. analytical investigations for the marangoni convection of different hybrid nanofluids over the flat surface for the cases such as suction, injection and impermeable were analyzed. a validation table for the comparison between analytical and numerical studies is tabulated. the influence of the hybrid nanoparticles solid volume fraction and the wall mass transfer parameter are mentioned through graphs at the side of the heat transfer rate tabulation. the impact of solid volume fraction decelerates the velocity distribution and raises the temperature distribution for all the three hybrid nanofluids in the cases of suction, impermeable, and injection. while relating the surface velocity and heat transfer rate of the three hybrid nanofluids, al2o3- sio2/water has a higher surface velocity, tio2-sio2/water has a higher heat transfer rate and al2o3- tio2/water has lower surface velocity and heat transfer rate for the increment of wall mass transfer parameter.