graphene fibers and modern solar textiles: a review of advances and applications

This review critically analyzes the transformative role of graphene fibers (gfs) in advancing photovoltaic textiles. our key findings reveal that gfs enable a multi-functional architecture, serving simultaneously as conductive electrodes (sheet resistance ~ 600 ohms per square), charge transport layers, and structural scaffolds, which enhances mechanical durability under stress. we identify that gf integration significantly boosts device performance and stability, achieving record efficiencies of 33.28 % in cigs / go hybrids and extending perovskite device lifetime by 91 %. furthermore, our analysis of 290 studies demonstrates that gf-based textiles maintain 90% efficiency across extreme temperatures (-40°c to 160 °c). however, a critical barrier to commercialization is the high embedded energy in gf fabrication. we conclude that overcoming interfacial resistance and scaling production through doped gf networks and ai-assisted manufacturing are the most urgent priorities for creating viable, high-performance solar textiles for wearable electronics and sustainable energy.