triple-layer photovoltaic module with radiative cooling and photocatalytic air purification

We present a vertically stacked triple-layer rooftop module that integrates a sio₂–tio₂ radiative-cooling film, a tio₂–zno photocatalytic coating, and a perovskite–silicon tandem photovoltaic device. outdoor field experiments (n = 4 prototype and n = 4 control modules; rooftop tests in chandragiri, andhra pradesh, india) showed a mean surface temperature reduction of 6.5 ± 0.8 °c and a 2.1% relative increase in pv power output under am1.5g-equivalent conditions. simultaneously, the photocatalytic layer achieved 72.4% removal efficiency for volatile air pollutants over a 6-hour test window. real-time monitoring used an esp32 microcontroller, k-type thermocouples, calibrated gas sensors, and mqtt-based telemetry to a grafana dashboard. statistical analysis confirmed significant differences (p < 0.01) in both cooling and pollutant removal compared with controls. the proposed architecture offers a reproducible and scalable pathway to multifunctional pv modules that enhance energy yield, reduce thermal stress, and actively contribute to urban air quality improvement addressing both environmental and energy challenges in a single integrated solution.