the variance-covariance method using iowga operator for tourism forecast combination

Three combination methods commonly used in tourism forecasting are the simple average method, the variancecovariance method and the discounted msfe method. these methods assign the different weights that can not change at each time point to each individual forecasting model. in this study, we introduce the iowga operator combination method which can overcome the defect of previous three combination methods into tourism forecasting. moreover, we further investigate the performance of the four combination methods through the theoretical evaluation and the forecasting evaluation. the results of the theoretical evaluation show that the iowga operator combination method obtains extremely well performance and outperforms the other forecast combination methods. furthermore, the iowga operator combination method can be of well forecast performance and performs almost the same to the variancecovariance combination method for the forecasting evaluation. the iowga operator combination method mainly reflects the maximization of improving forecasting accuracy and the variancecovariance combination method mainly reflects the decrease of the forecast error. for future research, it may be worthwhile introducing and examining other new combination methods that may improve forecasting accuracy or employing other techniques to control the time for updating the weights in combined forecasts.