a new sustainable multi-objective agri-food supply chain in mushroom industry

This study proposes a novel sustainable multi-objective agri-food supply chain in mushroom industry due to the lack of economic, environmental, and social aspects that the prior studies neglected. the proposed study examines a four-echelon model including suppliers, intermediate manufacturers, final manufacturers and markets (plus secondary market). the model is also validated to provide insights into a relevant industry. the results indicated that investment in the oyster mushroom would lead to economic and social improvements. moreover, investing in the button mushroom was observed to improve all three sustainability aspects. in the case of investing in the oyster and button mushroom, increasing the capacity of compost factories and sales price would lead to different results. furthermore, the profitability of the supply chain was found to rise when waste is sold in the secondary market. therefore, managers can adopt different strategies under different circumstances based on their priorities to raise supply chain profitability.