a multi-objective multi-echelon closed-loop supply chain with disruption in the centers

Supply chain management has significant economic and environmental effects, including strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. according to the need for further cost reduction and improving the process of the organization in the direction of customer demand, the concept of the supply chain has become increasingly important, and the organizations seek to expand this concept within their organizational framework. in this regard, efficient planning of products distribution in the supply chain considering disruption is very important. thus, this study develops a multi-objective mixed-integer programming mathematical model to design a green multi-echelon closed-loop supply chain with the possibility of disruptions. furthermore, the ε-constraint method is applied to solve and validate the proposed model in small-scale problems. on the other hand, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is developed for solving large-sized problems. results indicate that the proposed model has performed well in obtaining optimal solutions, and the proposed algorithm has an efficient performance.