identification of dust sources inside and outside of iran affecting air quality in the tehran region

Introduction: recent climate changes and droughts have exacerbated the impact of dust sources globally, necessitating a thorough understanding of their influence on air quality. in tehran, the interaction between internal dust sources from iran and external sources from neighboring countries significantly affects air quality. materials and methods: this study spans a 20-year period (2003-2022), utilizing satellite data and advanced algorithms to analyze dust event trends and patterns. the material and methods section outlines the use of aqua satellite modis sensor data alongside two algorithms to identify dust sources, focusing on aerosol optical depth (aod) data during peak dust event seasons. statistical analysis of dust events in 2022 supplements the investigation. results: the analysis reveals distinct patterns in dust particle origin and transport, highlighting the predominant contribution of internal dust sources from iran's southern semnan province and significant input from external sources in iraq and northern saudi arabia. examining meteorological conditions during severe dust events highlights the role of synoptic conditions, particularly the presence of a tropospheric trough, in facilitating dust transport. increased convective motions and downburst occurrences in specific regions further exacerbate the spread of dust particles, particularly those originating from external countries and provinces. conclusion: the conclusion emphasizes the complex interplay between internal and external dust sources and the necessity of understanding dust emission dynamics for effective mitigation strategies. it calls for proactive measures involving local and regional cooperation to mitigate dust pollution's adverse effects on air quality in tehran and similar urban centers.