مروری بر ساختار، کاربرد، فرایند تولید و تاثیر افزودنی‌ها در ملاط سنتی گچ

ﻣﻼطﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﺣﺘﯽ اﻣﺮوزی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻨﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﺮای اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﻨﺎی ﺑﺎﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﺧﻮب در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و ارﺗﻘﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻼطﻫﺎ و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻼشﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم داد. ﻣﻼط ﮔﭻ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﺎده ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری ﺑﻠﻮری و ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ﻫﮕﺰاﮔﻮﻧﺎﻟﯽ دارد و در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺧﻮاص ﻣﻼط ﻫﺎی ﮔﭽﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﺪن، ﻧﺤﻮة ﭘﺨﺖ و اﻓﺰودﻧﯽﻫﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺮوری ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻪﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮاص ﻣﻼطﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در راﺳﺘﺎی اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺗﻨﻬﺎ روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﮔﭻ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺧﻮاص ﮔﭻ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﺪن و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﻌﺪن اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮریﮐﻪ در ﻣﻌﺎدن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ژﯾﭙﺲ دارای ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﯽ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ رﺷﺪ ﺑﻠﻮری ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻼط ﮔﭽﯽ ﺧﺎص در ﻣﻌﺎدن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺤﻮه ﭘﺨﺖ و اﻓﺰودﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﻣﻼط ﮔﭽﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام ﺑﻪﻧﺤﻮی در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻼطﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪﻃﻮریﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از ﻣﻮارد ﮔﻔﺘﻪﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﻠﻮری و ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﯿﺎنﺑﻠﻮری ﺷﺪه و اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﺮات اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺧﻮاص در ﻣﻼطﻫﺎی ﮔﭽﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﺲ، روشﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻨﻮع آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزی ﮔﭻ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﻓﺰودﻧﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻣﻼطﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

an overview of the structure, application, production process and effects of additives in traditional gypsum mortar

mortars are an integral part of historical and even modern constructions, used in different parts of their structure. therefore, putting up a building with high quality and durability calls for attempts to enhance the quality of mortars and building materials. generally speaking, the foremost factors responsible for the changing properties of gypsum mortars are the type of mineral deposit, the baking manner, and the additives. thus, the present paper aimed to overview the effects of these factors on mortar properties. in studies such as this library research will be the only possible research approach to adopt. given the distribution of gypsum deposits over diverse landscapes, the first factor affecting the properties of gypsum is the type of mine which is governed by its surrounding environment. in particular, different mines will provide gypsums with varying impurities and crystal growth conditions, which in turn will give mortars with distinctive properties. baking method and additives will likewise affect the structure of the resultant mortars in some way. therefore, controlling each of these factors will bring about certain variations in crystal morphology and intracrystalline space, thereby causing differences in the properties of gypsum mortars.