how do nurses apply personal knowing to patient care? a grounded theory study

Background: personal knowing is an expression of self-knowledge concerning others. besides,personal knowing is the most difficult as well as the most essential pattern of knowing in nursing.the current study aimed to explore how nurses apply personal knowledge in patient care.methods: this qualitative study was performed based on the grounded theory method. the studywas performed in different hospital wards of tehran city, iran. the required data were generatedusing semi-structured interviews and clinical observations. finally, 15 interviews and 8 sessionsof observation were included in the data analysis. strauss and corbin’s constant comparisonmethod (2008) was used to analyze the collected data.results: the obtained findings suggested that nurses use the personal knowing pattern in 3forms of the therapeutic use of self, self-centering, and elimination of therapeutic communication.the therapeutic use of self was accompanied by kindness and amiability; efforts to strengthenthe patients’ spirit; giving comfort and hope; humor; talking in a friendly manner, and gainingthe patient’s trust and cooperation. self-centering was characterized by establishing silence in theward, strict enforcement of the rules, setting more rules, and developing rules for the method ofcare provision. eliminating the therapeutic communication was accompanied by the referral ofpatients to others, avoidance, reluctance, and mechanical care.conclusion: the obtained findings added to the knowledge of the patterns of knowing innursing. the therapeutic use of self leads to a positive outcome of care as well as the satisfactionof nurses and patients. however, a self-centering and eliminating therapeutic relationship willraise an inappropriate image of nursing.