self-awareness skill training of mothers as the head of the household and the self-efficacy of their sons

Background: the adults rsquo; life is rooted in their childhood. children living in singleparent families have less selfefficacy than others. educating selfawareness skill reliance on the family is among the key aspects of selfefficacy promotion in early childhood. the present study aimed to determine the effect of selfawareness training of the mothers as the head of the household on the selfefficacy of their 10 to 12yearold sons.methods: this was a quasiexperimental study with a pretestposttest and a control group design. the study sample consisted of 10 to 12yearold boys (n=71) from public schools of ray city, iran, and their heads of the family mothers. the study subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. the pretest was administered to both groups. then, the mothers of the intervention group attended four 45minute training sessions twice a week. moreover, the posttest was administered to the groups three months after the end of the intervention. the required data were collected by demographic characteristics form, selfconsciousness scale (scs), and selfefficacy questionnaire for children (seqc). furthermore, the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including the chisquared test, fisher rsquo;s exact test, independent samples ttest, paired samples ttest, and analysis of covariance (ancova) using spss.results: the study results suggested a significant difference in selfawareness mean ±sd scores of the mothers in the intervention group before (41.77 ±10.59) and after (53.83 ±8.43) conducting the intervention (p<0.001); however, such difference was not significantly different in the control group before (47.31 ±12.45) and three months after the intervention (47.05 ±11.76). there was a significant difference between the selfefficacy mean ±sd scores of boys in the intervention group before (61.88 ±9.29) and after (70.44 ±8.12) providing the intervention (p<0.001); however, this difference was not significantly different in the control group before (65.68 ±11.33) and after the intervention provision (65.14 ±12.01).conclusion: in this study, mothers rsquo; selfawareness positively affected their sons rsquo; selfefficacy. thus, selfawareness enabled mothers to identify the emotions of themselves and their children and become aware of them and pay more attention to interacting with their children. these findings help school health nurses in providing a proper educational environment with the collaboration of mothers who are the head of the family.