برق هسته‌ای: چهارچوب حقوقی ملی و بین‌المللی حاکم (توسعه یا کاهش برق هسته‌ای)

برق یکی از زیرساخت های اساسی هر کشوری ازجمله ایران است. یکی از روش های تامین برق، استفاده از انرژی هسته ای است. موضوع هسته ای در ایران بیش از آنکه از جنبه های علمی مورد توجه قرار گیرد، از حیث سیاسی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. یکی از جنبه های اساسی که باید دراین‌باره بدان توجه کرد، چهارچوب حقوقی ملی و بین‌المللی حاکم بر برق هسته ای است. با این مقدمه، پرسش مقاله‌ پیشِ‌رو این است که جهت‌گیری اسناد بالادستی و قوانین (ملی و بین‌المللی) به‌نفع برق هسته‌ای است یا علیه آن؟ به‌سخن‌دیگر، این اسناد متضمن تولید برق هسته ای هستند یا عدم تولید آن؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش، با روش تحلیلی-انتقادی، قانون اساسی، قوانین و اسناد بالادستی حقوقی کشور مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که نظر به جنبه‌های متعدد حقوقی مسئله‌ برق هسته‌ای و مشخص نبودن اولویت‌ها در مجموعه‌ ارزش ‌های اساسی کشور و نیز ابهام در برخی موضوع‌های تخصصی همچون توان تولید داخل برای صنعت هسته‌ای، نمی‌توان نتیجه‌ متقنی را به‌‌عنوان جهت‌گیری نظام حقوقی کشور، له یا علیه برق هسته‌ای، اعلام کرد.

nuclear electricity: the governing national and international legal framework (expansion or reduction of nuclear electricity)

introductionelectricity is a fundamental infrastructure for any country, including iran, and nuclear energy offers one pathway for its generation. however, iran’s nuclear energy issue is often viewed more politically than scientifically. a key aspect requiring attention is the national and international legal framework governing nuclear power. nuclear electricity production involves various technical and political considerations. while nuclear energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, it also entails high costs for plant operation and nuclear waste management. nuclear plants have long lifespans and operate with minimal fuel compared to combined-cycle plants, which makes them efficient, though not without challenges. iran, as a country with high electricity demand and a developing nuclear industry, currently generates limited electricity from nuclear sources.the primary question addressed by this article is whether iran’s upstream legal documents and overall legal framework support or hinder nuclear power development. this question is explored through an analytical-critical review of the constitution and key legal documents of the country. the research reveals that, due to numerous legal complexities surrounding nuclear energy, a lack of clear national priorities, and ambiguities in specialized areas such as domestic nuclear production capacity, it is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion on iran’s stance toward nuclear energy development. the study concludes that the challenges to nuclear electricity production in iran are more political than technical. political factors, outlined in the joint comprehensive plan of action (jcpoa), create obstacles that affect iran’s nuclear energy trajectory, reflecting a blend of political and technical issues embedded in this international agreement.methodologythis research takes an analytical approach, examining economic, environmental, and political perspectives through legal documents to gain insights into iran’s nuclear energy policies.resultsfrom an economic perspective, there is justification for expanding nuclear electricity production in iran. environmentally, nuclear energy presents both benefits and challenges: while it could reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nuclear waste management remains a significant challenge.conclusionsthe jcpoa introduces obstacles to the development of nuclear electricity in iran. additionally, the absence of a clear national nuclear plan diminishes the decisiveness needed to draw firm conclusions about the country’s future in nuclear energy.