the effect of flow balance on the reduction of life cycle cost in hydronic networks

Hydronic networks transfer energy through the heating and cooling of the working fluid. the heat transfer depends on the temperature and flow rate of the fluid. even small changes in the physical parameters of the transmission network, such as size, length, and cross-sectional area, can cause changes in the flow rate and transferred heat flux due to the non-linear equations governing the transmission of the working fluid. this research aims to investigate the possibility of balancing energy transmission networks and the cost reduction that results from this balance. the energy transmission network is modeled using the hardy-cross method, and the results are analyzed in the 50-year life cycle cost of the network. the research method used is a numerical analysis using the newton-raphson method to calculate the current of the energy transmission network through the numerical solution. the research presents a new model for designing industrial and residential energy transmission networks based on the density and layout of the network. the model can reduce energy consumption, air pollution production, and operating costs during the operation period of a complex. this research shows a 30% reduction in the operating costs of the energy transmission network in its balanced condition. the model presented in this research applies to other energy transmission networks and can be used to reduce energy consumption and operating costs.