history and political geography of central europe: explaining the rise of euroscepticism and nativism in visegrád 4 countries

The rise of the far right is one of the significant challenges facing european countries;  the growing eurosceptic and nativist attitudes in central europe have resulted in transforming regional alliances according to anti-immigration concerns. despite the fact that the visegrád 4 group, (poland, hungary, the czech republic and slovakia), was founded in the early 1990s with the aim of detaching itself from the legacy of communism and pushing towards the western liberal democracy, it has recently become a base to oppose eu and promote nativism and illiberal democracy. adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, this paper reviews the rise of nativism and euroscepticism with a historical perspective, through an examination of the political geography of central europe. findings reveal that the influxes of refugees to europe and increasing xenophobia, along with cultural concerns, specially about muslims, have been the driving force behind the growth of the far-right parties. additionally, the geopolitical situation of these countries and the external borders of the european union have an important role in turning the refugee crisis into a driving factor of euroscepticism.