fiction and politics of islamophobia: a case study of greg hrbek’s not on fire, but burning

Islamophobia is defined as a closed-minded hatred, fear or prejudice toward islam and muslims that result in discrimination, marginalization, and oppression. this phenomenon was strengthened after september 11 marked a watershed in the history of america. in the wake of 9/11, islamophobia was promulgated in a plethora of textual and visual narratives, including novel. this paper studies islamophobia in greg hrbek’s latest novel not on fire, but burning (2015). a close reading of the novel reveals that the novel couples islam with terrorism and barbarity, and sets forth the self/other dichotomy, which is rather cherished in the discourse of islamophobia. as observed in a long history of islamophobic rhetoric, hrbek’s novel depicts that certain people, undoubtedly muslims, are outside the american system of values, ready to catch america off-guard. with the images the work promotes of islam and its followers, it is argued that not on fire, but burning reinforces islamophobia and biased frames of reference on islam and muslims.