تاثیر کیفیت محیطی محلات شهری در حفظ سلامت روان شهروندان در دورۀ همه‌گیری کرونا (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)

در پی همه‌گیری بیماری کرونا از اواخر سال 2019 میلادی و در پیش گرفتن سیاست های قرنطینۀ خانگی، کاهش حضور در مراکز پرازدحام، دورکاری مشاغل، تحصیل از درون منزل و اقدامات مشابه، نگرانی هایی در خصوص آثار منفی این اقدامات بر سلامت روان مردم مطرح شد. پژوهش حاضر با درک این نگرانی ها در پی تحلیل نقش کیفیت محیطی محلات شهری در حفظ سلامت روان شهروندان در دورۀ همه‌گیری کرونا برآمده است. روش پژوهش، تحلیلی- تفسیری و مبتنی بر مطالعات اسنادی و پیمایش میدانی است. در گام نخست برای تدوین پرسشنامه، اصلی‌ترین متغیرهای محیطی در مقیاس محله از مقالات معتبر استخراج شد. به‌منظور ارزیابی سلامت روان افراد از پرسشنامۀ استاندارد dass-21 استفاده شد. جامعۀ آماری شامل شهروندان کرمانشاهی بود که از میان آنها 200 نفر به‌طور تصادفی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. روایی پرسشنامۀ کیفیت محیطی با دریافت نظر خبرگان شهرسازی و پایایی آن نیز به کمک آلفای کرونباخ به تایید رسید. در ادامه، داده‌های حاصل از پرسشنامه‌ها در نرم‌افزارspss  وارد شده و به کمک مدل‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل همبستگی کانونی سنجیده شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کیفیت محیطی محلات در پنج عامل «ساختار عملکردی»، «آسایش محیطی»، «کیفیت فضای شهری»، «سیمای بصری» و «منظر اجتماعی» دسته‌بندی می‌شود. خروجی تحلیل همبستگی کانونی نیز وجود رابطۀ همبستگی میان عوامل محیطی و سلامت روان را تایید می‌کند. بنابر یافته‌ها در دورۀ همه‌گیری کرونا دو عامل «ساختار عملکردی» و «سیمای بصری» محلات شهری بیشترین ارتباط را با سلامت روان اهالی داشته‌اند. این پژوهش از آن جهت که تکرار مخاطراتی مشابه همه‌گیری کرونا در آینده، دور از انتظار نیست و نیز به این دلیل که در ایران پژوهش‌های چندانی به‌ویژه با ماهیت کمّی و مبتنی بر مدل‌های آماری معتبر صورت نپذیرفته حائز اهمیت است.

the role of neighborhood environmental quality in maintaining the citizens’ mental health during the covid-19 epidemic(case study: kermanshah city)

introduction the worldwide challenge of covid-19 disease (especially in 2020 and 2021) and concerns about its consequences on people’s mental health, once again drew attention to improving the quality of the urban environment. in fact, the policies of governments in the face of the covid-19 pandemic, which were mainly in the form of quarantine, banning people from attending crowded centers, telecommuting, e-learning, etc., have raised concerns about the consequences of such policies on people’s mental health. in other words, during the covid-19 crisis, it is felt that familiar, vibrant, and social public spaces are lost. this issue caused the present study to be based on the role of urban neighborhoods in maintaining the mental health of citizens during the covid-19 epidemic. accordingly, the present study answers the following two questions:what are the environmental variables affecting the mental health of people in the neighborhood scale?during the covid-19 epidemic, which environmental factors in cities have played a more prominent role in maintaining the mental health of society? materials and methods the present research is a descriptive-analytical study based on documentary studies and field surveys. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and the mental health of citizens during the covid-19 epidemic. therefore, awareness of the environmental factors in the city and the mental health of citizens is a prelude to achieving the research goal. at first, in order to estimate the status of environmental factors, related indicators have been extracted from reliable sources, which has led to a total of 23 indicators. on the other hand, in order to assess the mental health status of citizens, the dass-21 standard questionnaire was used. therefore, each respondent must answer two questionnaires, including 1- environmental factors questionnaire and 2- dass-21 mental health questionnaire. the environmental factors questionnaire includes a set of closed questions that have been compiled based on the indicators extracted from previous scientific articles. the question options are based on a 5-point likert scale. as this questionnaire is a researcher-made type, so it is necessary to check its validity and reliability. the validity of the questions was checked through interviews with experts and the reliability was confirmed according to the cronbach’s alpha test (0.846) for the first 30 questionnaires. the dass-21 questionnaire, which is known as a standard questionnaire in the field of mental health, has been used with the environmental factors’ questionnaire at the same time.in order to test the research hypotheses, the city of kermanshah has been selected as the case study and the citizens of kermanshah have been selected as the statistical society. the sample size based on cochran’s formula and values ​​of p = q = 0.5 and d = 0.07 was almost equal to 200 people, which was selected randomly among the residents of this city. after completing the questionnaires of environmental factors and mental health, the data was entered in spss software. environmental variables are first categorized using exploratory factor analysis model. also, the values ​​of three components of stress, anxiety and depression were calculated based on the dass-21 questionnaire. in the following, the focal correlation coefficient has been investigated between environmental factors and mental health components.discussion and resultsthe variables that explain the subject were summarized in the form of 5 factors including functional structure, environmental comfort, quality of urban space, visual image and social scape.