واکاوی مخاطرات اثرگذار بر توسعۀ کارآفرینی گردشگری پایدارِ شهرستان کوهرنگ با استفاده از تحلیل مقایسۀ کیفی مجموعۀ فازی

صنعت گردشگری از اجزای مختلفی مانند گردشگر، جامعۀ میزبان، شرکت‌های تجاری و محیط تشکیل شده است؛ از این‌رو عوامل مختلفی ممکن است یک یا چند بخش از کارآفرینی گردشگری را تهدید کنند و بر عملکرد کل این صنعت اثرگذار باشند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف واکاوی و شناخت مخاطرات اثرگذار بر توسعۀ کارآفرینی گردشگری پایدار انجام گرفت. این پژوهش از لحاظ ماهیت و روش، علی– پیمایشی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق، گردشگران مراجعه‌کننده به جاذبه‌های گردشگری شهرستان کوهرنگ است. با استفاده از نرم‌افزار sample power 244 نفر به‌عنوان نمونۀ متناسب با هدف تحقیق انتخاب شدند و به روش تصادفی در مکان‌های گردشگری شهرستان کوهرنگ سوال‌هایی از آنان پرسیده شد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از ابزار پرسشنامه و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل از تحلیل مقایسه‌ای کیفی مجموعۀ فازی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مخاطرات مختلفی بر توسعۀ کارآفرینی گردشگری پایدار تاثیرگذار است. نوع و نحوۀ تاثیر هر کدام از آنها متفاوت است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که مخاطرات محیطی تاثیر بیشتری نسبت به مخاطرات و تهدیدهای اجتماعیفرهنگی، ساختاریکارکردی و ایمنی امنیتی دارد و تنها در 4 مورد از 12 مورد مسیرهای حمایت‌کنندۀ توسعۀ کارآفرینی گردشگری حضور دارد. این بدین معناست که با شناخت بهتر و به‌کار بستن تمهیدات لازم برای مدیریت مخاطرات ذکرشده، می‌توان آیندۀ روشن‌تری را برای کارآفرینی گردشگری تصور کرد. شناخت دقیق و پیش‌بینی لازم برای مدیریت مخاطرات و کنترل آسیب آن، از ضروریات صنعت گردشگری است که باید توجه جدی به آن صورت پذیرد.

Analyzing the Hazards Affecting the Development of Sustainable Tourism Entrepreneurship in Koohrang County by using Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Set

IntroductionFor growth potential Entrepreneurship Tourism and its product can only be consumed in its place; Tourism plays an important role as a strategy for local development. The aspects of tourism entrepreneurship, in addition to being strongly related to physical space (territory) and intellectual space (interaction between local and social actors); It is also closely related to culture and nature conservation. Unlike industry, tourism entrepreneurship must protect its production to survive. Given that the tourism industry is made up of various components such as tourists, the host community, commercial companies hand the environment; several factors may threaten one or more sectors of tourism entrepreneurship that affect the overall performance of the industry. As a result, tourism entrepreneurship is strongly affected by disruptions and risks such as recessions, political crises, weather events, and natural disasters. What is important is that there should always be a coherent system for supporting, planning, and managing tourism in times of crisis, and be prepared to act before it happens. Accordingly, one of the requirements for achieving the resilience of the tourism destination community and entrepreneurial activities in tourism is accurate and appropriate recognition and evaluation, along with the rationalization of risks in order to control and control it. Unfortunately, the lack of information in this sector reflects the fact that little attention has been paid to risk management in tourism entrepreneurship, which increases the importance of paying special attention to risk management.Considering that the development perspective of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and Koohrang county has been developed based on tourism development. Understanding the hazards affecting tourism entrepreneurship is important for two reasons in this province and Koohrang county: First, this province is currently one of the main destinations for rural tourism in Iran. Lack of sufficient knowledge of the dangers of tourism entrepreneurship and how and how much it affects the sustainability of rural tourism; it has made little use of the great potential of tourism in employment development and poverty reduction. In addition, it has led to the loss of some environmental resources. On the other hand, one of the most important strategies in the development perspective of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province has been developed based on the tourism industry. Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the risks and how they affect the development of tourism in the region can be prepared by microplanning, preparing the local community for a timely and appropriate response to risks. This requires that operational research be conducted to identify the risks and their impact on the development of tourism entrepreneurship, and by recognizing the potential challenges in this area, pave the way for achieving the desired development goals. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer these questions: What are the hazards affecting the development of tourism entrepreneurship? Moreover, what pathways from combining these hazards can be more effective in developing tourism entrepreneurship?MethodologyThis study was an applied type; its’ nature and method were descriptivesurvey. The present study was conducted in the period of 1398. The research tool was a researchermade questionnaire containing 5 components. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire taken from Ayashi study, 2012 and Zamanzadeh et al., 2016, the validity of which was obtained by the opinions of experts and its reliability using Cronbach’s alpha test for sociocultural risks 0.76, environmental 0.80, structuralfunctional 0.65, safety and security 0.71, and for the development of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship 0.79. To calculate the sample size, equivalent with the purpose of the study, which examines the effect of independent variables (conditions) on the dependent variable (result); the number of 244 people was estimated using SPSS Sample power software, which was obtained with a test power of 0.80 and a confidence level of 0.95. The statistical population of the study consists of tourists visiting Koohrang county.ResultsThe results of the study show that 76% are men and 24% are women. The statistical sample age is between a minimum of 24 and a maximum of 67 years, and their average age is 40 years. In terms of education, the highest number of people had diplomas with 42.5, and about 37.1% of the studied sample had university degrees in associate’s, bachelor’s and master’s degrees, and 20.4% of their education was under diploma. In terms of employment, about 24.6 percent were unemployed, 48.2 percent were selfemployed, and 27.2 percent were employed by companies and government agencies.Condition and result in the analysis were conducted by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set and the analysis steps were applied as follows: first, calibrating and standardizing the data, second, using the truth table algorithm, third, classification of conditions and finally X, Y to confirm the effect of the conditions on the desired result in fs / QCA software was terminated.ConclusionGiven that the tourism industry is made up of various components and in addition to tourists and the host community, it includes commercial companies and the environment; several factors may threaten one or more parts of the industry that affect the overall performance of the industry. This study aimed to investigate and fundamentally identify the risks affecting the development of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship. Data analysis showed that different risk paths affect the development of tourism entrepreneurship, but the type and effect of each are different. Awarenessbased anticipation is one of the necessities of the tourism industry. Identifying the threats to the tourism industry is one of the prerequisites for forwardlooking management. The results show that accurate and complete knowledge and the necessary predictions to deal with different types of risks can paint a brighter future for the management of the tourism industry. However, given the direct link between the tourism industry and the environment, it seems that the threatening environmental risks have further raised concerns among the target group. Proper preparation following the natural environment and adequate preparation and training in this field can reduce and control its possible harms to some extent. The research findings on the development of the county’s development landscape, especially the issue of entrepreneurship and especially tourism entrepreneurship, are important.